### Lesson Plan: Program Development for Senior Secondary 2
**Subject:** Information Communication Technology (ICT)
**Level:** Senior Secondary 2
**Duration:** 90 minutes
**Topic:** Program Development
#### Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Define and understand the basic concepts of program development.
2. Identify the key stages in the program development life cycle.
3. Understand the importance of algorithms and flowcharts in program design.
4. Write a basic algorithm and create a flowchart for a simple problem.
#### Materials:
- Multimedia projector
- Computers/Laptops with internet access
- Whiteboard and markers
- Printed handouts of program development stages
- Example diagrams of flowcharts and algorithms
#### Lesson Outline:
1. **Introduction** (10 minutes)
- Greet the students and briefly review the previous lesson.
- Introduce the topic by asking students if they have any idea about how software programs are developed.
- Briefly explain the importance of program development in the tech industry.
2. **Theory: Concepts of Program Development** (20 minutes)
- Define program development:
- The process by which a set of written instructions is created for a computer to achieve a specific task.
- Explain the key stages in the program development life cycle:
1. **Problem Identification:** Understanding the problem that needs solving.
2. **Planning the Solution:** Developing a plan or algorithm to solve the problem.
3. **Coding the Program:** Writing the actual program code using a programming language.
4. **Testing the Program:** Running tests to ensure the program works as intended.
5. **Documentation:** Writing documentation for users and developers.
6. **Maintenance:** Updating and fixing the program as needed.
3. **Algorithms and Flowcharts** (20 minutes)
- Introduce what an algorithm is:
- A step-by-step set of operations to be performed.
- Discuss the importance of algorithms in problem-solving.
- Describe what a flowchart is:
- A diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow, or process.
- Explain flowchart symbols (start/end, process, decision, input/output).
4. **Practical Activity: Creating an Algorithm and Flowchart** (30 minutes)
- Divide students into small groups.
- Assign a simple problem for them to solve, e.g., "Creating an algorithm to calculate the average of three numbers."
- Ask each group to:
1. Write down the algorithm steps.
2. Draw a flowchart to represent the algorithm.
- Provide guidance and support as needed.
5. **Presentation and Discussion** (10 minutes)
- Have each group present their algorithm and flowchart to the class.
- Discuss common challenges encountered and how they were resolved.
- Provide feedback and highlight the best practices.
6. **Summary and Review** (10 minutes)
- Recap the key points covered in the lesson.
- Emphasize the importance of each stage in program development.
- Highlight the role of algorithms and flowcharts in simplifying complex problems.
7. **Assignment** (10 minutes)
- Assign a homework task where students must write an algorithm and draw a flowchart for another problem, such as "Designing a simple login system that checks a username and password."
- Inform them that this will be discussed in the next class.
8. **Closing**
- Answer any questions the students might have.
- Thank the students for their participation and attention. Remind them to practice the concepts discussed today.
#### Assessment:
- Evaluate the students based on their group presentations and participation in discussions.
- Review their submitted assignments for understanding and application of the lesson's concepts.
#### Resources:
- “Programming Fundamentals” by Reema Thareja
- Online resources like w3schools.com and tutorials on flowchart creation tools such as Lucidchart and Microsoft Visio.
Hopefully, this lesson plan engages students effectively and sets a solid foundation for understanding program development in ICT.